Present perfect vs past 1

One is a present tense

This is the heart of it. The present perfect tells you about the situation now. The past simple only tells you about the past and says nothing about today.

Tom has lost his key.
  • Present perfect
  • He doesn't have it now
  • That is why I'm telling you
Tom lost his key.
  • Past simple
  • It happened at some point
  • Maybe he found it, we don't know
Examples
They've gone away. They'll be back on Friday. (they are away now)
They went away, but they're back home now.
It has stopped raining, so we don't need the umbrella.
It stopped raining for a while, but now it's raining again.